Tổng hợp từ vựng, ngữ pháp, bài tập Tiếng Anh 12

Tài liệu sưu tầm TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG, NGỮ PHÁP, BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 REVISION 1. Cách nhận biết từ loại: a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau: -TION/ -ATION invention, information, education - MENT development, employment -ENCE/- ANCE difference, importance -NESS richness, happiness, business -ER (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer -OR (chỉ người) inventor, visitor, actor -IST (chỉ người) physicist, biologist, chemist -AR/- ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee -ING teaching, schooling -AGE teenage, marriage -SHIP friendship, championship -ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism -(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty (verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival -TH warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau: -FUL successful, helpful, beautiful - LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless (noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, windy (noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày..) friendly, yearly, daily -ISH selfish, childish (noun)-AL (thuộc về) natural, cutural -OUS nervous, dangerous, famous -IVE active, expensive -IC electric, economic -ABLE comfortable, acceptable c. Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hoặc hậu tố sau: Tiền tố EN- endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) -FY classify, satisfy, beautify -IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize -EN widen, frighten -ATE considerate, translate d. Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ... Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late: trễ, chậm lately (adv): mới đây, gần đây - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không 2. Chức năng của một số từ loại: a. Danh từ (Noun) 1 Tài liệu sưu tầm Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books. Sau - mạo từ: a /an / the He is a student. - từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, These flowers are beautiful. - từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ... She needs some water. - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books. She meets a lot of people. Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music. Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived. Sau enough (enough + N) I don‘t have enough money to buy that house. b. Tính từ (Adj) Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books. Sau TO BE I am tired. Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem It becomes hot. keep, make She feels sad. The news made me happy. Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), It is extremely cold. completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, I‘m terribly sorry. very, quite, rather, She is very beautiful. Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small. Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn‘t large enough. Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can‘t speak. A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, + (Adj) My new car is blue. + Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is! - Wht + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film! c. Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thường He drove carefully. Trước Adj I meet an extremely handsome man. Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job. - have / has + adv + V3/-ed The party was well prepared. - am/ is/ are + adv + V3/-ed Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn‘t come the party. Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus. Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough. EXERCISE Choose the best answers 1. Life here is very _____. A. peacefully B. peaceful C. peace D. peaceful- ness 2. Women usually don‘t shake hands when being _____. A. introducing B. introduction C. introduced D. introducer 3. He was so _____ that he had an accident. A. caring B. careless C. careful D. carefully 4. Farmers can enrich the soil by using ______. 2 Tài liệu sưu tầm A. fertile B. fertility C. fertilize D. fertilizers 5. Nowadays, chemicals are ______ into some fruits to reduce decay. A. injection B. injecting C. inject D. injected 6. What‘s your _______ ? – I‘m Vietnamese. A. nation B. national C. nationality D. internation- al 7. In this course, students receive _______ in the basic English grammar. A. instruct B. instructional C. instruction D. instructive 8. I _____ him for his honesty. A. respective B. respectful C. respectable D. respect 9. All of the students appreciateB. important the ______ of English learning. C. importantly D. importance 10. A.We import can enjoy live programmes through _______ satellites. A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicable 11. Learning English has become a ______ in our country. A. necessitate B. necessary C. necessity D. necessarily 12. Computers are ______ used in schools and universities. A. widely B. wide C. width D. widen 13. He retired at the ______ of 60. A. age B. old C. older D. elder 14. My teacher always give us a clear ______. A. explain B. explained C. explanatory D. explanation 15. The _____ of the moon for the earth causes the tides. A. attract B. attracted C. attractive D. attraction 16. Your bad result made me ______ . A. disappoint B. disappointment C. disappointed D. disappointing 17. Getting such a well-paid job is very beyond my ______. A. expect B. expected C. expecting D. expectation 18. It has been proved ______ that the unemployment rates are increasing. A. statistic B. statistics C. statistical D. statistically 19. She has made an _______ for the job as a nursery teacher because she like children. A. apply B. applicant C. application D. applicator 20. Daisy has been out of work for 3 months. She stay at home and does the housework_______. A. disappoint B. disappointed C. disappointedly D. disappointing 21. She is a biologist. She is interested in _______ . A. conserves B. conservancy C. conservation D. conservative 22. There is no ______ for them to do that. A. need B. needs C. needless D. needing 23. The _____ development leads to our country‘s prosperity. A. industry B. industries C. industrial D. industrialize 24. Farmers ______ their land to make it _______. A. fertilize / product B. fertilizer / productive C. fertilize / production D. fertilize / productive 25. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce ______. A. electric B. electricity C. electrician D. electrify UNIT 1: HOME LIFE A. READING - night shift: . - biology ( ) - biologist ( ): .. - biological ( ): . - join hands: work together .. 3 Tài liệu sưu tầm - (be) willing to + V1: .. - household chores: . - run the household: - make sure - rush = hurry = go quickly (v) - responsibility ( ): . - responsible for (a): . - take the responsibility for + V-ing: . - pressure (n): . - (be) under pressure: . - caring (a) .. - take out = remove: - mischievous ( ): . - mischief (n): .. - give s.o a hand = help s.o: .. - o‘bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a): . - obedience (n): - obey ( ): . - close – knit: .. - supportive of .. - ‗frankly (adv): - frank (a): - make a decision = decide (v) - solve (v): - solution ( ): - secure (a) = safe (a) .. - security (n): . - (be) crowded with - well – behaved (a): - confidence (n): .. - confident in s.o (a): . - base (n) / based on = rely on - come up = appear, happen - hard-working (a) - be good at Task 1 (Textbook page 14) Task 2: 1. Who makes dinner in the family? A. the father B. the daughter C. the son D. the mother 2. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. There are five people in the family. B. The father sometimes goes home late. C. The father doesn‘t help anything in housework. D. This family has a close-knit relationship. 4 Tài liệu sưu tầm 3. What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school? A. win a place at university B. get over the study pressure C. help her family with the household chores D. pass the final exam 4. How are the boys like? A. always mischievouse B. never active C. quite obedient and hard working D. sometimes obedient and hard working 5. The word ―them” in the last line refers to ________ A. feelings B. problems C. solutions D. weekends B. SPEAKING + C. LISTENING Choose the best answer 1. ―____________?‖ – Yes, I‘d like to. A. How do you do? B. How about something to drink C. What about going shopping? D. What do you like doing? 2. I‘d like the blue jacket, please? Can you try it on?. - ―____________‖ A. Yes, you would B. Yes, you must C. Yes, certainly D. Yes, you do 3. ―Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift, Tom .‖ _ Tom: ―_____________‖ A. Thank you B Cheers. C. Have a good day D. You are welcome 4. Alice: ―How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?‖ - Mary: ―_____________.‖ A. Not at all B. That‘s a good idea C. No, thanks D. Let‘s go 5. An: ―Do you think it will rain?‖ - Binh: ― Oh!__________‖ A. I don‘t hope so B. I don‘t hope C. It‘s hopeless D. I hope not Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others. 6. a. village b. dangerous c. gossip d. passenger 7. a. which b. changeable c. each d. characteristic 8. a. happy b. husband c. have d. hour 9. a. iron b. celebrate c. parents d. restaurant 10. a. who b. how c. which d. whose 11. a. friend b. anniversary c. birthday d. cream 12. a. competition b. competitor c. contest d. question 13. a. feat b. great c. seat d. beat 14. a. there b. than c. thought d. though 15. a. trial b. title c. diverse d. wilderness Choose the word whose primary stress is different from others. 16. a. biologist b. counterpart c. compliment d. kindergarten 17. a. applicant b. maximum c. category d. inflation 18. a. renovation b. dictionary c. intervention d. expedition 19. a. simple b. polite c. formal d. instant 20. a. beautiful b. terrific c. wonderful d. marvelous 21. a. conical b. different c. romantic d. careful 22. a. cultural b. mischievous c. interesting d. responsible 23. a. financial b. service c. order d.company 24. a. hospital b. obedient c. supportive d. biology 25. a. family b. whenever c. occur d. solution D. WRITING - share (v) . - rule (n) Note: Let + O + V1: để cho ai làm việc gì Have to / has to + V1: phải Allow / permit + O + to-inf: cho phép ai làm việc gì Allow / permit + V-ing: cho phép Be allowed / permitted + to-inf: được cho phép 5 Tài liệu sưu tầm Ex: She let me (use) ---------------------- her pen. Students have to (wear) --------------------------- uniform when going to school. My mother permitted me (go) ------------------------- out with my friends. I was allowed (go) ----------------------- out with my friends. She doesn‘t allow (smoke) ----------------------- in her room. EXERCISE 1. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it. A B C D 2. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it. A B C D 3. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years. A B C D 4. I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer. A B C D 5. I think it‘s time you change your way of living. A B C D 6. When I‘m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn‘t met for five years. A B C D 7. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant. A B C D 8. We‘ll be cycled to Hoa‘s village at this time next Sunday. A B C D 9. What will you do when your friends won‘t come ? A B C D 10. Some was knocking at the door when I was doing the washing up. A B C D E. LANGUAGE FOCUS 1. PRONUNCIATION: * Cách phát âm của –s / -es - Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng. * đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ / * đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/ * đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại - Examples: , books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs . * /s/:/iz/: maps buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes .. * /z/: bells, eyes, plays . Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối là âm /f/ 2. GRAMMAR: TENSES 1. Hiện tại đơn (Simple present) * Công thức: V thường to be S + V1/(s/es) S + am / is / are S + don‟t / doesn‟t + V1 S + am not / isn‟t / aren‟t . Wh- + do / does + S + V1 ? Wh - + S + is / are ? * Cách dùng: - Chỉ thói quen: She ở hiệnusually tại gets up at 6 a.m. - Chỉ sự thậtEx hiển nhiên, chân lý. Ex: Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade. - Chỉ hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch. Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th. * Dấu hiệu: 6 Tài liệu sưu tầm every____ (every day, every week, every night, ..) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally, occasionally, as a rule twice a week, once a week . 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive) * Công thức: S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is are + not + V-ing Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing ? * Cách dùng: - Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói. Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. I am studying English now. - Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần. Ex: We are having a birthday party next week. - Chỉ hành động có tính chất tạm thời Ex: Everyday she goes to work by car, but today she is going by train. - Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động làm bực bội người khác, hay một lời phàn nàn Ex: He is always talking in the class. - Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở hiện tại Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now. * Dấu hiệu: - Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent! Be quiet! Be careful.... hoặc các từ: now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, while, next (chỉ một dự định) 3. Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect): * Công thức: S + have / has + V3/-ed S + haven‟t / hasn‟t + V3/-ed Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed ? * Cách dùng: - Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định. Ex: I haven‘t met him before. - Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất. Ex: She has just finished her homework. - Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai. Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years. *never, Dấu hiệu:ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi) since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ khi for + khoảng thời gian, so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: cho tới bây giờ before (trước đây), yet, (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi) many times, several times: nhiều lần how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: trong năm năm qua 4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn * Công thức: S + have / has + been + V-ing S + haven‟t / hasn‟t + been + V-ing Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động. Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now. * Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now, 7 Tài liệu sưu tầm 5. Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) * Công thức: V thường to be S + V2/-ed S + was / were S + didn‟t + V1 S + wasn‟t / weren‟t . Wh- + did + S + V1 ? Wh - + S + was / were ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: We bought this car two years ago. - Một thói quen trong quá khứ. Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river. - Một chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner. * Dấu hiệu: yesterday ________ ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, .) last _______ ( last year, last night, last week, last month .) _______ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago .) in 1999, in 2001 ) in + yearin inthe the past, pas tin ( mộtthe oldnăm times, nào đó trong: trước quá đây, khứ: ngày xưa 6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous): * Công thức: S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + not + V-ing Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday? - Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang. Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home. - Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ. Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books. * Dấu hiệu: At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động ngắn dùng quá khứ đơn; hành động dài dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn. Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room. 7. Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) * Công thức: S + had + V3/-ed S + hadn‟t + V3/-ed Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Ex: He had left the house before she came. - Một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: We had had lunch by two o‘clock yesterday. By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels. * Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá khứ Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT, hành động sau dùng QKĐ Ex: She had finished her work before she went out. 8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: * Công thức: S + had been + V-ing 8 Tài liệu sưu tầm S + hadn‟t been + V-ing Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ nhưng nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục của hành động. Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came. * Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá khứ 9. Tương lai đơn (Simple future): * Công thức: S + will / shall + V1 S + won‟t / shan‟t + V1 Wh- + will / shall + S + V1 ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không có dự tính) Ex: - They will come here next week. - The football match will be over at 7 o‘clock. - Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn) Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me? - Một quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói Ex: The bag is very heavy. – I‘ll help you. * Dấu hiệu: next ( next week, next month, ..), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm trong tương lai, in the future Note: Để diễn tả một hành động có dự định hay một dự đoán trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng BE GOING TO + V1: S + am / is / are + going to + V1 Ex: - Why do you buy a lot of suger? – I‘m going to make a cake. - Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. 10. Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future continuous): * Công thức: S + will / shall + be + V-ing S + won‟t / shan‟t + be + V-ing Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai. Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math. * Dấu hiệu: at + giờ trong tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at 7 pm tonight ) at this time + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer, at this time next month ) 11. Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect): * Công thức: S + will have + V3/-ed S + won‟t have + V3/-ed Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed ? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hay một hành động khác trong tương lai. Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters. Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner. * Dấu hiệu: by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before EXERCISE I. Pronunciation: 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. laughs C. lives D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 9 Tài liệu sưu tầm 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. coughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. villages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. kitchens D. words 19. A. likes B. works C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D. 1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London. A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living 2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday. A. don‘t see B. haven‘t seen C. didn‘t see D. hadn‘t seen 3. The train ______ half an hour ago. A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left 4. Jack ______ the door. A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting 5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 6. I ______ Texas State University now. A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended 7. He has been selling motorbikes ________. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering 9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 10. We _______ there when our father died. A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. were still living 11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home. A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play 12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years. A. shall have worked B. shall work C. have been working D. shall be working 13. I _______ in the room right now. A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am 14. I ______ to New York three times this year. A. have been B. was C. were D. had been 15. I‘ll come and see you before I _______ for the States. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend. A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. would have been happened 17. John ______ a book when I saw him. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 18. Her brother ______ in Canada at present. A. working B. works C. is working D. work 19. I ______ to the same barber since last year. A. am going B. have been going C. go D. had gone 20. Her father ______ when she was a small girl. A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died 21. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 10